URLopener and FancyURLopener classes, this function The response headers as it is specified in the documentation forįor FTP, file, and data URLs and requests explicitly handled by legacy
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To the three new methods above, the msg attribute contains theĪttribute - the reason phrase returned by server - instead of See for more detail on these properties.įor HTTP and HTTPS URLs, this function returns a This function always returns an object which can work as aĬontext manager and has the properties url, headers, and status. More information canīe found in _verify_locations(). Point to a directory of hashed certificate files. cafile should point to a singleįile containing a bundle of CA certificates, whereas capath should The optional cafile and capath parameters specify a set of trustedĬA certificates for HTTPS requests. If context is specified, it must be a ssl.SSLContext instanceĭescribing the various SSL options. Only works for HTTP, HTTPS and FTP connections. The global default timeout setting will be used). The optional timeout parameter specifies a timeout in seconds forīlocking operations like the connection attempt (if not specified, Urllib.request module uses HTTP/1.1 and includes Connection:close header Server, or None if no such data is needed. Open the URL url, which can be either a string or aĭata must be an object specifying additional data to be sent to the urlopen ( url, data=None, *, cafile=None, capath=None, cadefault=False, context=None ) ¶ The urllib.request module defines the following functions: urllib.request.
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One notable exception is the URL parsing features of the urllib.Is recommended for a higher-level HTTP client interface. I’ve found the requests library to offer the easiest and most versatile APIs for common HTTP-related tasks. Final Thoughtsĭownloading files with Python is super simple and can be accomplished using the standard urllib functions. Note: The wget.download function uses a combination of urllib, tempfile, and shutil to retrieve the downloaded data, save to a temporary file, and then move that file (and rename it) to the specified location. The wget Python library offers a method similar to the urllib and attracts a lot of attention to its name being identical to the Linux wget command. That’s beyond the scope of this tutorial. Note: downloaded files may require encoding in order to display properly. This is a directive aimed at web browsers that are receiving and displaying data that isn’t immediately applicable to downloading files. When a web browser loads a page (or file) it encodes it using the specified encoding from the host.Ĭommon encodings include UTF-8 and Latin-1. There are some important aspects of this approach to keep in mind-most notably the binary format of data transfer. Instead, one must manually save streamed file data as follows: import requests However, it doesn’t feature a one-liner for downloading files. The Python requests module is a super friendly library billed as “HTTP for humans.” Offering very simplified APIs, requests lives up to its motto for even high-throughput HTTP-related demands. In other words, this is probably a safe approach for the foreseeable future. Note: urllib is considered “legacy” from Python 2 and, in the words of the Python documentation: “might become deprecated at some point in the future.” In my opinion, there’s a big divide between “might” become deprecated and “will” become deprecated. Request.urlretrieve(remote_url, local_file) Let’s consider a basic example of downloading the robots.txt file from : from urllib import request This includes parsing, requesting, and-you guessed it-downloading files.
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Pythons’ urllib library offers a range of functions designed to handle common URL-related tasks. This article outlines 3 ways to download a file using python with a short discussion of each. Other libraries, most notably the Python requests library, can provide a clearer API for those more concerned with higher-level operations.